Cybersecurity in the age of AI: Preparing for 2025 and beyond

Limited access to advanced infrastructure and funding leaves many vulnerable to cyber threats. Photo: Bloomberg

As we approach 2025, cybersecurity stands at the forefront of digital transformation, shaped by the rapid evolution of technology. Innovations such as artificial intelligence (AI), quantum computing, and the proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices are redefining the threat landscape, creating both unprecedented vulnerabilities and opportunities for enhanced defence mechanisms.

For countries, organisations, and individuals, preparing for these challenges is no longer optional—it is imperative.

One of the most pressing cybersecurity challenges comes from AI-driven attacks. Cybercriminals are increasingly leveraging AI to launch large-scale, sophisticated attacks that exploit system vulnerabilities. 

For example, AI-driven phishing campaigns are now capable of mimicking human behaviour and adapting in real-time, making them harder to detect. Quantum computing also stands poised to disrupt current cybersecurity practices, particularly in encryption. 

While traditional encryption safeguards sensitive information, quantum computers could, in theory, break these encryption standards, rendering them ineffective. In response, security experts are already working on quantum-resistant encryption algorithms, underscoring the urgency of adopting new security frameworks.

The rise of IoT devices presents yet another set of vulnerabilities. With over 41 billion connected devices projected by 2025, each device—whether a home assistant, medical device, or industrial sensor—creates a new entry point for cybercriminals. 

The interconnected nature of IoT ecosystems means that a single compromised device could allow attackers to infiltrate entire networks, a risk that has already led to high-profile incidents in sectors like healthcare and energy. 

Adding to this challenge are supply chain attacks, which exploit weaknesses in third-party software and hardware to target multiple organisations. One notable example is the SolarWinds attack, which had widespread consequences across industries. 

As supply chains grow more complex, companies must take steps to secure these interconnected systems by building strong partnerships and implementing rigorous monitoring protocols.

In response to these escalating threats, organisations are embracing new cybersecurity technologies and frameworks. 

One major shift is the adoption of a zero-trust architecture, which operates on the principle of "never trust, always verify." This approach is particularly effective for cloud-based environments and remote work settings, where traditional perimeter-based security measures are less effective. 

Analysts predict that by 2025, a significant portion of organisations will transition to zero-trust models, phasing out outdated VPN-based security frameworks. AI also plays a key role on the defensive side, where machine learning models can analyse vast datasets to detect anomalies and potential threats in real-time, allowing companies to respond swiftly and accurately. 

With AI-based cybersecurity solutions projected to grow at an annual rate of 23% through 2025, AI will undoubtedly be an indispensable asset for defending against cyber threats.

Blockchain technology is also emerging as a powerful tool for cybersecurity, particularly for securing digital identities and payment transactions. Known for its decentralised, immutable ledger, blockchain offers a promising solution for enhancing transparency and reducing data breaches. 

Additionally, the Secure Access Service Edge (SASE) model, which combines network security and wide-area networking into a single cloud-based service, is gaining traction. By 2025, many organisations are expected to adopt SASE for its scalability and efficiency in safeguarding cloud environments.

As cybersecurity threats grow more complex, several countries are implementing comprehensive strategies to bolster their defences. 

In Singapore, the government has established the Cyber Security Agency (CSA), which has launched initiatives like the Safer Cyberspace Masterplan. This strategic framework includes proactive threat monitoring, a focus on critical infrastructure protection, and partnerships with private industry leaders. 

A significant part of this plan is the Cybersecurity Labelling Scheme, which certifies IoT devices based on their security standards, aiming to reduce vulnerabilities across interconnected networks.

The European Union is adopting a robust regulatory approach with the EU Cybersecurity Act and a dedicated European Cybersecurity Competence Network. This framework includes mandatory cybersecurity certifications for IoT devices and digital products sold within the EU, setting a high standard for security across member states. 

Furthermore, the EU has heavily invested in cyber resilience training, establishing cross-border simulation exercises to prepare critical infrastructure operators for coordinated response to large-scale cyber incidents. Such efforts aim to bolster the EU's cybersecurity posture by fostering collaboration across nations.

In Japan, the government has introduced its Cybersecurity Strategy 2025, which aligns closely with digital transformation goals. Japan's strategy emphasises collaboration between the public and private sectors, particularly in protecting critical infrastructure. 

Additionally, the government supports cybersecurity talent development through initiatives like subsidised training for cybersecurity professionals and incentives for companies to hire and train cybersecurity talent. This emphasis on capacity-building aims to address the skills gap while enhancing overall national resilience.

The United States has taken a multi-faceted approach by introducing the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) and the National Cybersecurity Strategy, which address the need for a resilient, proactive defence against cyber threats. The US has prioritised partnerships between federal agencies, state governments, and private companies to strengthen defences against cyber threats. 

This strategy includes initiatives like the CyberSentry program, which monitors critical infrastructure networks in real-time for threats, and a $10 billion investment in zero-trust architecture across federal systems, aiming to set a benchmark for advanced security frameworks.

These examples show that nations with advanced cybersecurity strategies are focusing on proactive threat detection, regulatory compliance, public-private partnerships, and a skilled cybersecurity workforce. 

By adopting a similarly structured approach, other countries can improve their own resilience against the evolving cybersecurity threats that lie ahead.

Regulatory measures are also evolving in response to the cybersecurity landscape. Data privacy regulations, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), are setting high standards for secure data handling and privacy. 

Similar policies are emerging globally, underscoring the importance of secure data storage and processing practices. For critical infrastructure sectors like healthcare, energy, and finance, governments worldwide are introducing industry-specific cybersecurity standards to prevent catastrophic outcomes from cyber incidents. 

Additionally, with the rise of AI, regulatory bodies are beginning to address ethical and security concerns related to its use, with frameworks such as the EU AI Act anticipated to set global precedents in responsible AI deployment.

Despite technological advancements and regulatory measures, several challenges persist in the cybersecurity field. Resource constraints, particularly in emerging economies and smaller organisations, make it difficult to adopt cutting-edge cybersecurity technologies and frameworks. 

Limited access to advanced infrastructure and funding leaves many vulnerable to cyber threats. The global talent shortage also compounds the issue; by 2025, a shortage of cybersecurity professionals is projected to reach 3.5 million, highlighting the urgent need for accessible training and certification programs. 

Furthermore, as organisations embrace digital transformation, balancing innovation and security remains a complex task. Rapid adoption of new technologies often necessitates a proactive approach to security that can be difficult to implement without compromising functionality.

On an individual level, building cybersecurity skills has become essential for those seeking careers in this high-demand field. Key certifications, such as Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP), Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH), and Certified Cloud Security Professional (CCSP), provide strong foundations for cybersecurity roles. 

As the cybersecurity landscape evolves, certifications focusing on emerging areas like AI security, cloud security, and IoT security are becoming increasingly relevant. Accessible training resources, such as those offered on education platforms, are helping to bridge skill gaps, making it easier for individuals to pursue cybersecurity knowledge. 

Alongside technical skills, soft skills like problem-solving, adaptability, and communication are also highly valued, as they enable cybersecurity professionals to navigate complex challenges and work collaboratively in high-pressure situations.

Looking to the future, cybersecurity will be a shared responsibility across individuals, organisations, and governments. As technology continues to evolve, so must our defences. By adopting a proactive, multifaceted approach that incorporates advanced technologies, regulatory compliance, and ongoing skill development, we can create a more secure digital world. 

The cybersecurity challenges of 2025 and beyond will demand a strong commitment to resilience, collaboration, and continuous learning from all stakeholders. Preparing today for the demands of tomorrow will be essential to safeguarding our digital lives and maintaining stability in an increasingly interconnected world.

Sketch: TBS

B M Zahid ul Haque is an experienced CISO and cyber digital transformation strategist. The author can be reached at [email protected].

Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the opinions and views of The Business Standard.