Fresh from Kyiv, Biden rallies Nato allies in Poland

Fresh from an unannounced visit to Ukraine, President Joe Biden rallied Nato allies in Poland on Tuesday, to demonstrate that the United States was squarely behind Ukraine and committed to bolstering the alliance's eastern flank.

On a trip clearly timed to overshadow a major speech by Russian President Vladimir Putin before the anniversary of the invasion, Biden met Polish President Andrzej Duda, one of the most vocal proponents of stronger Western support for Ukraine.

The US president was due to give a speech later, rallying support for Ukraine as the war enters its second year with no end in sight.

He opened his trip on Monday with an unannounced trip to Ukraine, billed as the first time a US president has made such a journey to a country at war without US troops on the ground controlling the area.

Poland has Nato's longest border with Ukraine and has been the main route in for weapons and out for refugees. Duda's foreign policy adviser said the men would discuss Poland's security, and scaling up Nato resources there.

"It is no secret that we will talk about increasing the presence, also in terms of infrastructure, of Nato," Marcin Przydacz told private broadcaster TVN 24.

The visit was welcomed by ordinary Poles and by the 2.5 million Ukrainians, mostly women and children refugees from the conflict, now living in the country. Many called for bolder Western support for Kyiv, including the supply of fighter jets, which Biden has so far held back from offering.

"We hope that they (the US) will increase shipments of arms, that things at the front will improve and that we will win," said Alina Kiiko, 32, a Ukrainian in central Warsaw.

On the Roman Dmowski roundabout in the centre of city, a giant advertising screen ran the slogan: "Biden, give F-16 to Ukraine" in English, referring to US fighter jets.

Demonstrators displayed a banner with the same slogan outside the hotel where Biden stayed overnight as he left for his meeting with Duda in the Polish presidential palace where he was met by a military honour guard.

Warsaw resident Marian Switala, 70, said he hoped "that this conflict will somehow be resolved and there will be peace in Ukraine and the surrounding area".

Eastern flank

Before returning to Washington on Wednesday, Biden will meet leaders of the Bucharest Nine, the countries on Nato's eastern flank, to reaffirm support for their security. All joined the Western military alliance after being dominated by Moscow during the Cold War, and most are now among the strongest supporters of military aid to Ukraine.

While Biden was in Kyiv on Monday, the State Department announced more support for Ukraine comprising $450 million of artillery ammunition, anti-armour systems and air defence radars, and $10 million for energy infrastructure.

Lithuanian President Gitanas Nauseda's message to Biden will be that it wants "greater involvement of the US in Europe, Nato's eastern flank and, of course, more aid to Ukraine," his chief foreign policy adviser told Lithuanian radio on Tuesday.

"Lithuania and other like-minded countries have several requests, which concern air defence, forward defence presence, air defence systems, and greater investments in the defence industry," Asta Skaisgiryte said.

Later this week, Washington will announce additional sanctions against individuals and companies that are "trying to evade sanctions and backfill Russia's war machine," a White House spokesperson said.

Putin, in his long-awaited address, defended his decision to go to war and vowed to prevail. He also brandished Russia's nuclear arsenal, announcing the suspension of a landmark arms control treaty, declaring new strategic systems had been put on combat duty and warning that Moscow could resume nuclear tests.

A year ago, Biden warned sceptical allies that a massive buildup of Russian troops along Ukraine's borders was the precursor to war. At the time, even some inside his own government questioned Ukraine's ability to withstand an invasion.

Instead, Ukraine's forces held Kyiv and drove Russia back out of some of the territory it seized in the early weeks of the war, helped by Western weapons, ammunition and equipment.

The United States has sent more than $24 billion in security assistance, but US officials say the war may continue for many months or even years.