After HMPV outbreak in India, experts urge all to take precautions
They say there is no need to panic as it is easily preventable
Preventive measures
- Regular handwashing with soap
- Avoiding touching the face with unwashed hands
- Maintaining a safe distance from infected individuals
- Using masks in crowded areas
As the new year started, reports of an outbreak of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) in China and then in Malaysia were flowing in, predictably bringing back memories of the Covid-19 pandemic among people in the country.
Now, with HMPV cases reported in neighbouring India as well, medical experts in the country are advising the public to remain cautious rather than panic.
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Virologists and medical professionals state that HMPV is not a new virus and has been present in Bangladesh and other countries for years, particularly during the winter season.
Dr Moinul Ahsan, director (hospital and clinic) at the Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), said the authorities are aware of the HMPV virus and will take measures when necessary.
What is HMPV?
Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a respiratory virus causing flu or cold-like symptoms such as cough, runny nose, sore throat and fever. While generally mild, it can increase risks or lead to severe complications like bronchitis or pneumonia in young children, the elderly and those with weakened immune systems.
The disease is in the same family as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and has been around since at least 2001 when it was first identified in the Netherlands. Its outbreaks are concentrated during colder seasons.
Mild cases of human HMPV typically last from a few days to a week. In more severe cases, recovery may take longer. Lingering symptoms, such as a cough, can persist for a longer period, even after other symptoms have improved.
What experts say
Professor Mahmudur Rahman, former director of the Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), told The Business Standard that HMPV is not a new virus. "It is similar to influenza and cases of HMPV infection have been reported in Bangladesh before."
He said, "It is a mild virus, and there is no need to panic. Following basic health guidelines is sufficient. The existing preparedness of hospitals under the DGHS for winter diseases should be adequate to handle this virus."
Speaking to TBS, Dr Arifa Akram, head of Virology at the National Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Referral Center, emphasised the importance of hygiene and mask usage.
"HMPV is not deadly, but vulnerable groups such as children and the elderly need to exercise caution. Following hygiene practices adopted during Covid-19, like washing hands and avoiding touching the face, can help prevent infection," she said.
Current prepaeedness and measures
Speaking to TBS, DGHS Director Dr Moinul Ahsan said the IEDCR has the capability to detect the human metapneumovirus (HMPV). "The virus can be identified by using RT-PCR tests, similar to those used for Covid-19."
"We have adequate RT-PCR machines, and if needed, we will import specific kits for this test," he said.
He also noted that China has not declared any emergency regarding HMPV, nor has the World Health Organization (WHO) issued any alert. "If the WHO issues any warning, we will take appropriate measures accordingly," he added.
Dr Moinul Ahsan further stated that as a precautionary measure, authorities have been instructed to strengthen screening efforts at Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport.
Additionally, all government hospitals across the country have been directed to ensure adequate supplies of nebuliser solutions, antibiotics, oxygen and other essential medicines to address the surge in winter diseases, he added.
Prevention and care
As there is currently no vaccine for the HMPV virus, doctors suggest that the precautions taken to combat Covid-19 can also help protect against this virus.
"Washing hands with soap regularly, avoiding touching the nose and mouth with unclean hands, maintaining a safe distance from infected individuals and wearing masks can effectively prevent infection," said Dr Arifa.
Dr MH Choudhury Lelin, a preventive medicine specialist, told TBS that it is essential to raise public awareness of HMPV to ensure adherence to health guidelines.
"Special care should be taken for children, individuals over 65 and those with serious conditions, such as cancer or kidney diseases. Anyone experiencing severe symptoms must seek hospital care," he emphasised.
He recommended symptomatic treatment for those infected, such as addressing fever, cold or cough based on the symptoms presented. He also stressed that hospitals should prepare to treat HMPV cases with the same readiness typically maintained for common winter diseases.
